| 引用本文: | 陈美晴,石瑛琦,任美,刘修玉,魏洪涛.聚醚醚酮表面改性应用于口腔种植体的研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(4):44~60 |
| CHEN Meiqing,SHI Yingqi,REN Mei,LIU Xiuyu,WEI Hongtao.Review on Surface Modification Strategies for Polyetheretherketone Dental Implants[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(4):44~60 |
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| 摘要: |
| 聚醚醚酮（PEEK）是一种弹性模量接近颌骨的高性能热塑性聚合物，具有射线透过性、化学稳定性、与牙齿颜色相似性和低过敏率等优势，有成为一种特殊患者新型口腔种植体材料的潜能。然而，芳香主链和表面化学官能团以及电荷的缺乏使 PEEK 具有疏水性和生物惰性。为了推动 PEEK 在口腔种植体领域的应用与进展，有效改善其骨整合能力的不同改性方法亟待探索。首次针对 PEEK 作为口腔种植体材料的机械、物理、化学和生物等性能优势进行全面归纳和综述，为其成为种植体新材料提供理论支持。重点介绍增强 PEEK 成骨活性的表面改性方法的最新研究进展，从改性机制角度将表面改性分为物理和化学改性两大类，并选择目前该研究领域较为新颖和独特的改性手段进行介绍和优劣势总结， 包括缓释载药涂层、逐层自组装技术、微波辅助涂层、脉冲直流磁控溅射、等离子体处理、紫外光诱导聚合、磺化、原子转移自由基聚合和湿化学法等。最后对各改性方法的发展趋势和面临的挑战进行简述。提出 PEEK 表面改性的研究趋势并为其未来发展提供借鉴，可填补 PEEK 口腔种植体相关研究和综述的空白，为促进 PEEK 口腔种植体临床转化提供发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 聚醚醚酮 表面改性 口腔种植体 骨整合 医用材料 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20230925001 |
| 分类号:TG156 |
| 基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划（20240304033SF） |
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| Review on Surface Modification Strategies for Polyetheretherketone Dental Implants |
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CHEN Meiqing1，SHI Yingqi1，REN Mei1，LIU Xiuyu2，WEI Hongtao1
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1.Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033 , China ；2.Hospital of Stomatogy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with an elastic modulus close to that of a jawbone. PEEK has advantages such as radiolucency, chemical stability, color similarity with teeth, and low allergy rate, and has the potential to become a new type of dental implant material for patients. However, the lack of aromatic main chains, surface chemical functional groups, and charges makes PEEK hydrophobic and biologically inert, thereby limiting its clinical application. To promote the application and progress of PEEK in the field of dental implants, researchers have explored different modification methods to improve its osseointegration ability effectively. This is the first comprehensive summary and review of the mechanical, chemical, and biological performance of PEEK as a dental implant material, providing theoretical support for its development as a new implant material. It is noteworthy that its elastic modulus and density are closer to those of the mandible than those of traditional titanium alloy and zirconia implant materials. According to Wolff's law, the load is positively correlated with bone growth. Therefore, the stress distribution between PEEK and alveolar bone is more balanced, effectively avoiding bone density reduction and osteoporosis caused by long-term functional load, thus extending the clinical service life of the implants. The latest research progress in surface modification methods for enhancing PEEK osteogenic activity has been introduced. Surface modification is divided into two categories from the perspective of modification mechanisms: physical and chemical. Physical modification, including sustained-release drug delivery coatings, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, microwave-assisted coatings, and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, involves changing the surface morphology of a material by physical means or enhancing the osteogenic active substance on the surface of the material by physical adsorption through surface engineering technology. In contrast to physical modification, chemical modification forms a chemical bond on the surface of the material through a chemical reaction and covalently grafts the active substance to increase the binding strength of PEEK with active substances or functional groups. Current research focuses on plasma treatment, UV-induced polymerization, sulfonation, atom transfer radical polymerization, and wet chemistry. Novel and unique modification methods in this research field were selected to introduce and summarize their advantages and disadvantages. All the above modification methods have obtained good in vitro and in vivo osteogenic effects, and they have their own advantages, disadvantages, and indications. Finally, we provide a brief description of the development trends and solutions for the shortcomings of each modification method. The research trend of surface modification of PEEK is proposed and provides a reference for its future development, filling the gap in research and review related to PEEK dental implants, and providing a development direction for promoting the clinical conversion of PEEK dental implants. However, to realize the wide applications of PEEK in the field of oral implants, more in-depth research and clinical experiments are required. In addition, animal models cannot accurately simulate the complex human oral system because implants have close and inseparable interactions with the periodontal soft tissue, alveolar bone, and oral microbiota. Clinical trials applying masticatory cycle loading should be designed in the future to obtain more convincing preclinical data. Overall, PEEK surface modification is an effective means of improving its bone integration ability and has a positive expansion effect on promoting its clinical application. |
| Key words: polyetheretherketone surface modification dental implants osseointegration medicinal material |
