| 引用本文: | 王慧鹏,胡泽凌,郭伟玲,黄艳斐,朱合法,周龙龙,邢志国,王海斗.冷喷涂粒子沉积的数值模拟研究现状[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(5):158~176 |
| WANG Huipeng,HU Zeling,GUO Weiling,HUANG Yanfei,ZHU Hefa,ZHOU Longlong,XING Zhiguo,WANG Haidou.Research Status of Numerical Simulation of Particle Deposition in Cold Spraying[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(5):158~176 |
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| 冷喷涂粒子沉积的数值模拟研究现状 |
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王慧鹏1，胡泽凌1，2，郭伟玲2，黄艳斐2，朱合法2，3，周龙龙2，4，邢志国2，王海斗5
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1.江西理工大学机电工程学院 赣州 341000 ；2.陆军装甲兵学院再制造技术国家重点实验室 北京 100072 ；3.上海大学材料科学与工程学院 上海 200444 ；4.西南交通大学摩擦学研究所 成都 610031 ；5.陆军装甲兵学院机械产品再制造国家工程研究中心 北京 100072
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| 摘要: |
| 机械、船舶、航空和医学等领域通常采用冷喷涂技术制备表面薄膜和功能性涂层，其中以金属涂层、陶瓷涂层和复合涂层较多，并且冷喷涂能很好的保留材料原有特性。但冷喷涂过程中难以观察到粒子的沉积形式、塑性变形和结合状态，无法探究冷喷涂过程中的机理性问题。因此，通常采用数值模拟建立模型的方式来探讨喷涂过程中粒子的沉积机理。基于数值模拟从金属、陶瓷和金属-陶瓷复合三方面，系统分析模型的差异及适用场景，阐述粒子速度、粒子入射角度和粒子尺寸对冷喷涂沉积行为的影响，概括冷喷涂实际应用场景。结果表明，二维模型与三维模型存在边界条件设置和热传导问题，但在特定的情况下，二维模型与三维模型并无差别，且二维模型是一个简化模型，相比较于准确的三维模型更节约时间成本；单粒子与多粒子在喷涂过程中存在热传导问题，并且单粒子模型适用于沉积形式和结合机理的分析，而多粒子模型适用于沉积形貌和实际验证的分析；三个影响因素对沉积行为都有着不可忽视的影响，优化影响因素可大大提高沉积效率，提升涂层质量； 虽然对冷喷涂的研究以及制备涂层已经进入大发展阶段，但在实际应用方面却极少，未来对冷喷涂的发展应广泛的应用到实际工作中。从数值模拟模型上分析三种材料的模拟结果，并且对影响因素进行总结，从而对冷喷涂技术的微观过程进行研究， 可为冷喷涂沉积机理的研究提供理论认识。 |
| 关键词: 冷喷涂 数值模拟 沉积机理 沉积行为 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20231008001 |
| 分类号:TG174 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52275227）；装备预研教育部联合基金青年项目（809B032101） |
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| Research Status of Numerical Simulation of Particle Deposition in Cold Spraying |
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WANG Huipeng1，HU Zeling1，2，GUO Weiling2，HUANG Yanfei2，ZHU Hefa2，3，ZHOU Longlong2，4，XING Zhiguo2，WANG Haidou5
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1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000 , China ；2.National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072 , China ；3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 , China ；4.Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 , China ；5. National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072 , China
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| Abstract: |
In the cold spraying process, the original properties of the material are well preserved. Therefore, cold spraying technology has been widely used in recent years. Metal, ceramic, and composite coatings are the most common in this coating field. While the performance of the coating generally depends on the effective deposition of particles on the surface of the substrate, in the cold spraying process, the collision time between the particles and substrate is very short. Thus, the deformation of the particles after their collision can only be observed as a morphological feature. Therefore, numerical simulation is usually used to model and analyze the deposition mechanism of the particles and the factors affecting the deposition behavior, with the goal of understanding the principles and conditions influencing the coating deposition. In this paper, we summarize the studies on metal, ceramic, and composite particles based on numerical simulations, which have established two-and three-dimensional models; adopted and observed single-, two-and multi-particle deposition processes; and explored the deposition mechanism of particles in greater depth using the results from multiple perspectives. The results show that metal particles collide with the matrix, where they produce plastic deformation, are deposited on the surface of the matrix, and form a mechanical bond with it. However, there are also cases where the collision of the particles with the substrate leads to localized melting and the generation of jets, which results in the metallurgical bonding of the particles with the substrate.
Ceramic particles are fragmented after collision with the substrate and are thus attached to its surface. However, it is difficult to deposit ceramic particles on the surface of the substrate because this collision fragmentation creates a very shallow pit in the substrate, which makes it difficult for the ceramic fragments to be attached to its surface. This process was analyzed using numerical simulation, and the retention of ceramics was studied in relation to the incidence angle of the particles and roughness of the substrate. The bonding effect of composite particles on the surface of the substrate is better than that of metal and ceramic particles. And in metal-ceramic composites, the fragmentation of the ceramic particles increases the deposition of metal particles and reduces the porosity to some extent.
In addition, three influencing factors are discussed: the particle velocity, particle incidence angle, and particle size. The effect of temperature on the velocity was explored based on the injection of preheated particles into a preheated substrate. The deposition effect was explored in relation to different angles of incidence, and the effect of the particle size was explored based on particle sizes ranging from single particles of different sizes to mixtures of particles of different sizes. The final results showed that the particle velocity is directly related to whether the particles can be deposited on the substrate surface, whereas the particle size is velocity-dependent, with different critical velocities for the deposition of different sized particles. The angle of incidence is also inextricably linked to the velocity, with the magnitude of the angle of incidence related to the velocity component. Thus, it is shown that there is a relationship between the influencing factors, which affect each other. In addition, the analysis of the application of cold spraying to the aviation, naval, and medical fields showed that our country needs to strengthen the development of practical applications of cold spraying technology. |
| Key words: cold spraying numerical simulation deposition mechanism deposition behavior |
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