超高速激光熔覆Ni-cBN/(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的组织及性能

王新生; 骆纪锋; 李洋; 牟泓霖; 仝永刚; 邢志国; 蔡志海; 魏世忠; 于月洋

引用本文:	王新生,骆纪锋,李洋,牟泓霖,仝永刚,邢志国,蔡志海,魏世忠,于月洋.超高速激光熔覆Ni-cBN/(NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃涂层的组织及性能[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(3):46~56
	WANG Xinsheng,LUO Jifeng,LI Yang,MOU Honglin,TONG Yonggang,XING Zhiguo,CAI Zhihai,WEI Shizhong,YU Yueyang.Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-high-speed Laser Cladding Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ Coating[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(3):46~56

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超高速激光熔覆Ni-cBN/(NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃涂层的组织及性能
王新生^1，2，骆纪锋^1，2，李洋³，牟泓霖⁴，仝永刚⁵，邢志国⁴，蔡志海⁴，魏世忠^1，2，于月洋³
1.郑州轻工业大学机电工程学院郑州 430002 ；2.郑州轻工业大学河南省机械装备智能制造重点实验室郑州 430002 ；3.天津职业技术师范大学汽车模具智能制造技术国家地方联合工程实验室天津 300222 ；4.陆军装甲兵学院机械产品再制造国家工程研究中心北京 100072 ；5.长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院长沙 410114

摘要:

钛合金性能优越，但表面耐磨性差制约了其应用和发展。为了克服钛合金耐磨性差的缺点，采用超高速激光熔覆技术在 TC11 基体上制备(NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃涂层并加入 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒，借助 cBN 颗粒的高硬度特性制备耐磨涂层。采用 X 射线衍射仪分析涂层物相，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与能量分散谱仪（EDS）分析涂层组织，借助维式显微硬度计研究涂层截面硬度分布规律，利用摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的耐磨性能。研究结果表明，Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的加入会促进(NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ 涂层中 Cr 元素的偏聚，使富 Cr 相组织长大。当 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的含量在 5~15 wt.%时，涂层组织逐渐致密，涂层的硬度随 Ni 包覆 cBN 含量的增多而升高，但 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒含量到达 20 wt.%时，涂层致密性降低，涂层的硬度也随之降低。涂层的摩擦因数随 Ni 包覆 cBN 含量的增加而升高，耐磨性也随含量的增多而增强。15 wt.%Ni 包覆 cBN 涂层的综合性能最佳，硬度达到 1 024 HV_0.5，摩擦因数为 0.534，磨损体积 0.017 mm³ ，涂层耐磨性是未添加 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒涂层的 2.8 倍。Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的加入可以提升涂层的耐磨性，为 cBN 在耐磨涂层的研究及应用提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 超高速激光熔覆 Ni 包覆 cBN 硬度耐磨 (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃涂层

DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20230712001

分类号:TG148

基金项目:十四五预研项目；国家自然科学基金（52130509）；众创空间项目（2021ZCKJ102）

Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-high-speed Laser Cladding Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ Coating

WANG Xinsheng^1，2，LUO Jifeng^1，2，LI Yang³，MOU Honglin⁴，TONG Yonggang⁵，XING Zhiguo⁴，CAI Zhihai⁴，WEI Shizhong^1，2，YU Yueyang³

1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 430002 , China ；2.Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 430002 , China ；3.National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Oriented Automobile Die & Mould,Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222 , China ；4. National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072 , China ；5. College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114 , China

Abstract:

Titanium alloys have high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance and are important alloy materials in the aerospace field; however, their weak surface wear resistance restricts their application and further improvement in the aviation industry to a certain extent. To improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy surfaces, the application scenarios and service life of titanium alloy parts should be expanded. The wear resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating was improved by particle-strengthening technology. After adding 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% Ni-coated with cBN particles to (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ alloy powder, ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology was used to prepare Ni-coated cBN particle-reinforced (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ wear-resistant coating on the TC11 matrix. The influence of the Ni-coated cBN particle content on the wear resistance of the coating was investigated using XRD, SEM, EDS, hardness, friction, and wear analyses. Phase analysis of the five coatings showed that the content of the Ni-coated cBN particles was greater than 15 wt.%, and the FCC phase summit of the high-entropy alloy was weakened, indicating that Ni-coated cBN particles can reduce the ductile phase in the coating. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis showed that the content of Ni-coated cBN increased, the Cr in the coating was polarized, the Cr-rich phase structure was a thin strip and constantly aggregated and grew, and the Cr-rich phase belonged to the hard phase, which is consistent with the phase analysis results. The increase in Ni-coated cBN particles leads to an increase in the hard phase inside the coating and a decrease in the toughness phase. The hardness values of five coatings were measured. The hardness curve of the Ni–CBN coating showed that the hardness of the coating top was higher and the hardness of the cross-sectional binding area was lower owing to the uneven distribution of the particles. The accumulation and growth of the Cr-rich hard phase in the coating indicated that the hardness of the coating increased. However, the truss effect of cBN accumulation weakened the compactness of the coating and promoted an increase in its porosity, which affected the test hardness of the coating. Therefore, the average microhardness test results of these five coatings showed an initial upward trend, followed by a downward trend with an increase in the Ni-coated cBN particles. When hard cBN particles were added to the coating, hard particle points appeared during wear, resulting in an increase in the roughness of the friction surface. Therefore, the friction factors of the five coatings showed an upward trend with an increase in the number of Ni-coated cBN particles, and the high hardness characteristics of cBN sustained most of the grinding force. The larger the number of cBN particles, the smaller the friction contact area between the grinding pair and the coating. Therefore, the wear amounts of the five coatings gradually decreased with increasing Ni-coated cBN particle content, and the wear resistance of the coatings gradually increased. Among the five wear-resistant coatings, the cBN coating with 15 wt.% Ni has the best overall performance. The adhesion between the coating and substrate is strong, as is the adhesion between the cBN particles and coating. The coating exhibited the highest average microhardness, reaching 1 024 HV0.5 with a friction factor of 0.534 and a wear volume of 0.017 mm³ . The wear resistance of the coating is 2.8 times that of the cBN particle coating without the addition of Ni. The addition of Ni-coated cBN particles can improve the wear resistance of coatings and provide a reference for the research and application of cBN in wear-resistant coatings.

Key words: ultra-high speed laser cladding Ni package cBN hardness wear-resistan: (NiCoCr)₉₄Al₃Ti₃ coatings