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作者简介:

王新生,男,1981年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为装备表面摩擦磨损防护。E-mail: wangxs@zzuli.edu.cn

通讯作者:

蔡志海,男,1979年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为装备表面工程和装备再制造工程。E-mail: caizhihai2052@163.com

中图分类号:TG148

DOI:10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20230712001

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目录contents

    摘要

    钛合金性能优越,但表面耐磨性差制约了其应用和发展。为了克服钛合金耐磨性差的缺点,采用超高速激光熔覆技术在 TC11 基体上制备(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层并加入 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒,借助 cBN 颗粒的高硬度特性制备耐磨涂层。采用 X 射线衍射仪分析涂层物相,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能量分散谱仪(EDS)分析涂层组织,借助维式显微硬度计研究涂层截面硬度分布规律,利用摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的耐磨性能。研究结果表明,Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的加入会促进(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 涂层中 Cr 元素的偏聚,使富 Cr 相组织长大。当 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的含量在 5~15 wt.%时,涂层组织逐渐致密,涂层的硬度随 Ni 包覆 cBN 含量的增多而升高,但 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒含量到达 20 wt.%时,涂层致密性降低,涂层的硬度也随之降低。涂层的摩擦因数随 Ni 包覆 cBN 含量的增加而升高,耐磨性也随含量的增多而增强。15 wt.%Ni 包覆 cBN 涂层的综合性能最佳,硬度达到 1024 HV0.5,摩擦因数为 0.534,磨损体积 0.017 mm3 ,涂层耐磨性是未添加 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒涂层的 2.8 倍。Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒的加入可以提升涂层的耐磨性,为 cBN 在耐磨涂层的研究及应用提供参考和借鉴。

    Abstract

    Titanium alloys have high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance and are important alloy materials in the aerospace field; however, their weak surface wear resistance restricts their application and further improvement in the aviation industry to a certain extent. To improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy surfaces, the application scenarios and service life of titanium alloy parts should be expanded. The wear resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating was improved by particle-strengthening technology. After adding 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% Ni-coated with cBN particles to (NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 alloy powder, ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology was used to prepare Ni-coated cBN particle-reinforced (NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 wear-resistant coating on the TC11 matrix. The influence of the Ni-coated cBN particle content on the wear resistance of the coating was investigated using XRD, SEM, EDS, hardness, friction, and wear analyses. Phase analysis of the five coatings showed that the content of the Ni-coated cBN particles was greater than 15 wt.%, and the FCC phase summit of the high-entropy alloy was weakened, indicating that Ni-coated cBN particles can reduce the ductile phase in the coating. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis showed that the content of Ni-coated cBN increased, the Cr in the coating was polarized, the Cr-rich phase structure was a thin strip and constantly aggregated and grew, and the Cr-rich phase belonged to the hard phase, which is consistent with the phase analysis results. The increase in Ni-coated cBN particles leads to an increase in the hard phase inside the coating and a decrease in the toughness phase. The hardness values of five coatings were measured. The hardness curve of the Ni–CBN coating showed that the hardness of the coating top was higher and the hardness of the cross-sectional binding area was lower owing to the uneven distribution of the particles. The accumulation and growth of the Cr-rich hard phase in the coating indicated that the hardness of the coating increased. However, the truss effect of cBN accumulation weakened the compactness of the coating and promoted an increase in its porosity, which affected the test hardness of the coating. Therefore, the average microhardness test results of these five coatings showed an initial upward trend, followed by a downward trend with an increase in the Ni-coated cBN particles. When hard cBN particles were added to the coating, hard particle points appeared during wear, resulting in an increase in the roughness of the friction surface. Therefore, the friction factors of the five coatings showed an upward trend with an increase in the number of Ni-coated cBN particles, and the high hardness characteristics of cBN sustained most of the grinding force. The larger the number of cBN particles, the smaller the friction contact area between the grinding pair and the coating. Therefore, the wear amounts of the five coatings gradually decreased with increasing Ni-coated cBN particle content, and the wear resistance of the coatings gradually increased. Among the five wear-resistant coatings, the cBN coating with 15 wt.% Ni has the best overall performance. The adhesion between the coating and substrate is strong, as is the adhesion between the cBN particles and coating. The coating exhibited the highest average microhardness, reaching 1024 HV0.5 with a friction factor of 0.534 and a wear volume of 0.017 mm3 . The wear resistance of the coating is 2.8 times that of the cBN particle coating without the addition of Ni. The addition of Ni-coated cBN particles can improve the wear resistance of coatings and provide a reference for the research and application of cBN in wear-resistant coatings.

  • 0 前言

  • Ti 合金强度高,密度小,耐腐蚀,耐高温,20 世纪 50 年代问世以来,广泛应用于航空、航天、石油化工等领域[1-2]。钛合金的性能优异,但耐磨性不足严重制约了其发展和广泛应用,为了提升钛合金的性能,满足日益复杂的工况环境,常常需要对钛合金进行表面处理。

  • 常用的表面改性技术,如高频感应淬火、喷丸、渗硼、电镀及激光熔覆等可以增强钛合金的耐磨性[3-5],其中激光熔覆技术具有速冷快热的特性,制备出来的涂层稀释率低、结合强度高、致密性好。这一系列的优点,使得激光熔覆成为在钛合金上制备耐磨涂层的重要手段[6]。高熵合金涂层是当前研究的热门涂层之一,它具有高熵效应、“鸡尾酒”效应、扩散迟滞效应和晶格畸变四大核心效应[7],这四大核心效应赋予高熵合金的综合性能要优于传统合金。

  • 近年来,学者们利用激光熔覆技术在钛基体上制备高熵合金耐磨涂层,并进行大量的研究。尹正生等 [8] 利用脉冲激光熔覆技术在钛表面制备 FeCoNiCr0.5Al0.8 涂层,涂层与基体表面呈现冶金结合,涂层硬度达到 761.23 HV,是基体硬度的 4 倍。 XIANG 等[9]采用脉冲激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备 CoCrFeNiNbx高熵合金涂层,将 790 HV 的表面硬度提高到 1 008 HV。HUANG 等[10]采用连续激光制备 CrAlTiVSi 涂层,将钛合金的表面硬度提高 3.5 倍。李涵等[11]在 TC4 表面激光熔覆 AlBxCoCrNiTi 增强涂层的耐磨性,随着 B 的添加可以生成 TiB2 颗粒提高涂层的性能,AlBxCoCrNiTi 的平均硬度达到 814 HV,硬度是基体的 2.5 倍,耐磨性达到基体材料的 29 倍。

  • 超高速激光熔覆技术是 2017 年德国弗劳恩霍夫激光技术研究所和亚琛工业大学联合提出的新技术,不仅继承了激光熔覆的优点,还兼具粉末利用率高和工作效率高的特性,是激光熔覆技术发展的重要方向之一[12]。目前对于高熵合金增强钛合金耐磨性的研究主要集中在常规激光熔覆与元素增强方面,而对于超高速激光熔覆配合颗粒增强技术的应用和研究却很少。本文利用超高速激光熔覆技术,在 TC11 上制备(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3+x(Ni 包覆 cBN)(x 为质量分数,x=0、5%、10%、15%、20%)涂层,利用颗粒增强技术制备耐磨涂层提升钛合金表面的耐磨性,并研究 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒含量对(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层组织及性能的影响。

  • 1 试验方法

  • 1.1 涂层制备

  • 采用 YLS-4000 型超高速激光熔覆系统制备涂层,基材为 30 mm×40 mm×5 mm 的 TC11,用角磨机去除氧化层,并用无水乙醇清洗干净。熔覆材料采用纯度为 99%的(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3合金粉末,粉末粒径为 15~53 μm,增强颗粒采用 Ni 包 cBN 颗粒,(文中 Ni 包覆 cBN 颗粒采用 Ni-cBN 表示),颗粒大小 50~120 μm。(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3粉末和 Ni-cBN 颗粒如图1 所示。粉末混合成分配比如表1 所示,将配比好的粉末放置在行星球磨机中混合均匀,球磨机转速 400 r / min,混合时间 120 min,采用陶瓷研磨球,球料比 3∶1。随后,将复合粉末置于干燥箱中 120℃烘干 2 h,去除水分。

  • 图1(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3粉末和 Ni-cBN 颗粒的形貌及能谱图

  • Fig.1 Morphology and energy spectrum of (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 powder and Ni-cBN particles

  • 表1 不同涂层样品成分配比

  • Table1 Different coating samples composition ratio

  • 激光熔覆采用多道搭接方式制备大面积涂层,光斑直径为 2 mm,搭接率 90%,送粉气的气流量为 6 L / min,保护气的气流量为 12 L / min,其他工艺参数如表2 所示。

  • 表2 激光熔覆工艺参数

  • Table2 Laser cladding process parameters

  • 1.2 涂层表征测试方法

  • 通过电火花线切割将涂层切割成测试所需尺寸,并对待测表面进行磨抛。经王水腐蚀处理后,采用 ZEISS Gemini300 型扫描电镜分析截面组织,并用附带的 OXFORD Xplore 能谱仪(EDS)进行成分分析。采用日本 Rigaku Smart Lab SE 型号(XRD) 衍射仪进行物相检测,靶材为 Cu 靶,工作电压 40 kV,工作电流 40 mA,测试角度 10°~80°,步长 0.02°,扫描速度 5(°)/ min。采用 HVS-1000 型维氏硬度测试仪测试涂层硬度,试验载荷 500 g,保荷 15 s。布鲁克 UMT-5 多功能摩擦磨损试验机对涂层进行直线往复摩擦试验,对磨球为 Si3N4,载荷为 50 N,时间为 40 min,频率为 2 Hz,使用布鲁克 Contour GT-K 三维表面轮廓仪记录 3D 磨损形貌,得出磨损体积。采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损形貌,并用附带的 EDS 观察元素分布。

  • 2 结果与讨论

  • 2.1 Ni-cBN 含量对物相的影响

  • 图2 为不同含量 Ni-cBN 增强(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 涂层的 XRD 图谱以及标定结果。从图中可以看出不同含量 Ni-cBN 的涂层均以 FCC 相为主相。当加入 Ni-cBN 颗粒,FCC 相主峰旁边出现 cBN 的物相峰,Ni-cBN 的加入引起晶格畸变,促使 cBN 和 FCC 的相峰逐渐融合为一个峰。cBN 与 FCC 相的衍射角度相近,但属于不同原子的原子种类,对 X 射线的散射不同,所以产生一定程度的相消干涉,影响到衍射峰强度。因此,Ni-cBN 加入时,原本的较弱的 FCC 相强度减弱,添加量达到 10 wt.%时,FCC 相中较弱的两个峰消失,当 Ni-cBN 的含量达到 15、 20 wt.%,原本的较弱的 FCC 相峰被 cBN 相峰所取代。

  • 图2 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层 X 射线衍射谱图

  • Fig.2 X-ray diffraction patterns of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layers with different contents

  • 2.2 Ni-cBN 对涂层显微组织的影响

  • 图3 所示为不同含量的 Ni-cBN 增强涂层的宏观形貌,T0 涂层无裂纹气孔且与基体结合良好,T1 涂层的 cBN 颗粒集中分布在顶部,中下部不存在 cBN 颗粒,涂层与基体呈现出良好的冶金结合。T2 涂层的 cBN 颗粒分布在涂层的上中下部,不存在聚集现象,涂层与基体结合较差,存在界面裂纹。T3 与 T4 涂层中 cBN 颗粒与 T2 涂层的颗粒一样,不存在上浮或者沉积现象。T3 涂层与基体结合良好,而 T4 涂层与基体结合处存在裂纹。

  • 图4 为不同 Ni-cBN 含量的涂层显微组织,图4a 为不加 Ni-cBN 颗粒的涂层,由胞状晶及晶间组织组成。从图4b 可以看出 T1 涂层主要由针状组织、不规则组织以及晶间组织组成。图4c 为 T2 涂层,由晶间组织和细条状组织组成。图4d 和图4e 分别为 T3 和 T4 涂层,是由晶间组织、粗条状组织以及片块状组织组成。相比于 T3 涂层,T4 涂层的晶间组织明显减少,片块状组织增多。

  • 图3 不同含量的 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层截面形貌

  • Fig.3 Cross section morphology of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 coating with different contents

  • 图4 不同 Ni-cBN 含量的 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的组织形貌

  • Fig.4 Microstructure of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 coatings with different Ni-cBN contents

  • 对不同的组织进行 EDS 的点扫检测(A:胞状晶,B:晶间组织,C:针状组织,D:不规则组织, E:细条状组织,F:粗条状组织,G:片块状组织),测试点位详见图4。表3 为不同涂层 EDS 能谱分析结果,从组织元素分析可知,针状组织、不规则组织、细条状组织以及粗条状组织都为富 Cr 相组织,而片块状组织为贫 Cr 相组织,由此推断 Ni-cBN 颗粒的加入可以促进 Cr 元素的偏聚。T1 涂层的针状组织和不规则组织,T2 涂层的细条状组织,T3、T4 涂层的粗条状组织应该为富 Cr 相生长的三个不同时期。加入的 Ni-cBN 含量较少时,其对 Cr 元素的偏聚能力较弱,因此形成的富 Cr 相组织都是细小的针状和不规则状,随着加入 Ni-cBN 含量的增多,Cr 元素的偏聚逐渐加重,由细小的针状和不规则状转变为细条状,最后形成粗条状结构。观察图4b~4d 的形貌可以发现,由于富 Cr 相组织的生长,针状组织和不规则组织杂乱堆叠而形成的蜂窝状形貌转变为斑点状形貌,最终获得较为平整的晶间形貌。

  • 表3 不同涂层 EDS 能谱分析结果(质量分数 / %)

  • Table3 EDS components in different tissues of coating (wt.%)

  • 图5a 和 5b 分别展示了 cBN 颗粒在涂层中的结合状态,在涂层内的 cBN 颗粒周围没有明显的 Ni 元素包覆层,Ni 包覆层在激光熔覆过程中发生了熔解。图5a 中结合差的 cBN 颗粒由一圈物质将颗粒与涂层分隔开,根据能谱分析,包裹 cBN 颗粒的为 Ti、N、Al 三种元素,这三种元素存在于 cBN 周边,隔绝了涂层与颗粒的接触。图5b 中结合性好的 cBN 颗粒周围虽然存在 Ti、N、Al 元素,但未形成隔绝层。对结合性好的 cBN 颗粒与涂层结合的区域做线扫,线扫结果如图6 所示。从图6b 可以推测,结合性好的原因是颗粒周围的 Cr 元素含量大,抑制了Ti、N、Al 隔绝层的形成。Cr 的原子团簇更加稳定易于冷却形核,提高其他熔体的形核率,导致 Cr 含量较低时,Ti、N、Al 会在 cBN 周围形成包围圈,在未接触 cBN 颗粒时冷却结晶。Cr 含量较多会降低凝固前液相成分的过冷度,增大熔体结晶范围,因此涂层可以与 cBN 颗粒接触结晶[13]

  • 图5 cBN 颗粒与涂层结合性差异图及能谱面扫图

  • Fig.5 cBN particles and coating binding difference map and energy spectrum map

  • 图6 涂层与 cBN 颗粒结合性好的界面放大图及能谱线扫图

  • Fig.6 Interface of coating and cBN particles with good bonding and energy spectrum line map

  • 2.3 Ni-cBN 对涂层硬度的影响

  • 图7为不同含量Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的硬度测试结果,图7a 可以明显观察到涂层硬度的波动,这是 cBN 的不均匀分散导致的。图7b 为平均显微硬度,加入 Ni-cBN 含量的增加,T0-T3 涂层的硬度逐渐增加,T4 涂层的硬度出现下降趋势,这一现象与相关文献的研究结果相符合,cBN 的增多不会导致涂层的硬度如预期一般增加[14]。Ni-cBN 含量为 15 wt.%时涂层的显微硬度最高,平均硬度达到 1 024 HV0.5,是未加 Ni-cBN 涂层的 2.5 倍。加入 Ni-cBN 颗粒的涂层硬度提高主要有三方面的原因:第一,cBN 颗粒自身的高硬度充当涂层内的硬质强化相[15]。第二,cBN 较大的粒径也会加剧含量对硬度的增强[16]。第三,富 Cr 相组织的形成,cBN 颗粒引发 Cr 元素偏聚,除富 Cr 相组织可以提升涂层硬度外[17-18],富 Cr 相的生长也会使涂层致密从而提升硬度。T0 涂层一方面没有 cBN 颗粒的强化,另一方面没有富 Cr 相的存在,这些因素导致涂层硬度不高。T4 涂层的平均显微硬度仅有 787.26 HV0.5,主要原因在于 T4 涂层的 cBN 含量过多,阻碍了(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3熔融物的流动,致使涂层的致密性下降,这与相关文献的研究一致[19-21]

  • 图7 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的硬度

  • Fig.7 Hardness of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layer with different contents

  • 2.4 Ni-cBN 对涂层耐磨性的影响

  • 图8a 为摩擦因数随时间变化的曲线图,由于 T0 涂层是均匀材质,其摩擦曲线很快趋于平稳,并且稳定在 0.442 7 附近,而加入 Ni-cBN 的涂层由于受颗粒的影响,在前 20 min 内处于磨合阶段,20 min 后摩擦曲线开始趋于平稳。图8b 为涂层平均摩擦因数柱状图,Ni-cBN 的加入导致涂层摩擦因数增大,当涂层内不含硬质颗粒时,涂层为韧性相,抵抗形变的能力较弱,所以摩擦因数较低。当加入硬质颗粒,在磨损后 cBN 颗粒突出形成非光滑表面,对磨球与硬质颗粒发生摩擦,摩擦因数随之升高,这与文献中的规律相符合,cBN 的加入导致涂层的摩擦因数升高[22]

  • 图8 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的摩擦因数

  • Fig.8 Friction factor of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layer with different contents

  • 图9为不同含量Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层磨损的二维磨痕,可以清楚地看到摩擦坑的磨损情况。未加入 Ni-cBN 颗粒的涂层摩擦坑曲线较为平滑,而加入硬质颗粒的涂层摩擦曲线会出现折线,出现折线的区域为硬质相存在的部位,充当硬质磨损点,减少对磨副与涂层的接触面积,阻止涂层进一步磨损。cBN 的存在抵消了大部分摩擦,降低了涂层的磨损。

  • 图9 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层的磨损形貌

  • Fig.9 Wear morphologies of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layers with different contents

  • 图10 为不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 涂层的磨损数据图,加入 Ni-cBN 颗粒的涂层磨损体积明显减少,T3 磨损体积为 0.017 mm3,T4 的磨损体积仅为 0.012 mm3,相较于 T0 耐磨性提高 4 倍。

  • 图10 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层磨损数据

  • Fig.10 Wear data of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layer with different contents

  • 图11 为不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 涂层磨损后的表面形貌,表4 为磨损后涂层磨损区域的能谱分析数据。T0 涂层磨损面存在细微的划痕、细小的磨粒及黏着在磨损面的碎屑,涂层发生了轻微的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。加入 Ni-cBN 颗粒的 T1、 T2、T3 涂层,黏着磨损逐渐成为主要的磨损方式。这主要是由于 Ni-cBN 颗粒的加入使对磨副有了硬质摩擦对象,摩擦中产生大量的热,在垂直力的作用下,涂层部位与对磨副发生胶合,加上往复直线运动形成的剪切力作用,促使黏着在对磨副上的部分发生剥落。根据不同部位的 EDS 分析可知,剥落层下的氧元素含量较低,而未发生剥落的区域氧元素含量较高,这可能是未剥落区域在发生胶合之前率先形成氧化膜阻止胶合现象的发生,也正是这一原因,涂层只是发生区域性的层状剥落,而不是整个面剥落。T4 涂层虽然有黏着磨损的形貌,但是磨粒磨损现象更加明显,而且在 cBN 聚集处产生了一条裂纹,这可能是摩擦时的剪切力造成的,cBN 较多的区域,充当黏合剂的韧性相组织较少,在磨削力的作用下会因结合力不足形成裂纹。当 Ni-cBN 添加量在 5、10、15 wt.%时,黏着磨损为主要的磨损方式,而添加量到达 20 wt.%,磨粒磨损的破坏性超过粘着磨损成为涂层主要的磨损方式。这些磨粒的存在使得 T4 涂层在摩擦过程中存在部分滚动摩擦,因此在稳定磨损阶段 T4 涂层的摩擦曲线波动相对于其他涂层较为平缓。

  • 图11 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层磨损形貌及能谱分析位置

  • Fig.11 Wear morphology and energy spectrum analysis positions of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 cladding layers with different contents

  • 表4 不同含量 Ni-cBN /(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3涂层磨损区域 EDS 分析表(质量分数 / %)

  • Table4 EDS analysis of wear area of Ni-cBN / (NiCoCr) 94Al3Ti3 coating with different contents ( wt.%)

  • 图12 所示为 T2 涂层颗粒剥落处涂层的放大图,通过涂层破损处的坑洞以及磨损后残余组织存在较多的 Ti 元素,结合图5a 中结合性不好的 cBN 能谱图,推断此处应为结合性不好的 cBN 脱落处。 T2 涂层在磨合阶段的摩擦曲线波动较大,很有可能与此有关,在往复摩擦的剪切力作用下,cBN 会在包覆层内与涂层发生磨损,扩大与涂层之间的间隙,产生小范围的颗粒滑移,导致磨合阶段的摩擦因数波动剧烈,而磨损过程的碎屑落入间隙内,对颗粒附近的涂层磨损加剧,T2 涂层也因此成为加入 Ni-cBN 涂层中磨损体积最大的一个。

  • 图12 T2 涂层颗粒剥落处涂层形貌及能谱分析

  • Fig.12 Morphology and energy spectrum analysis of T2 coating particles at spalling

  • 3 结论

  • (1)研究了 Ni-cBN 颗粒含量对(NiCoCr)94Al3Ti3 涂层组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响,发现 Ni-cBN 颗粒的加入会引起 Cr 元素的富集,形成硬质富 Cr 相,提升涂层的硬度。当含量为 15 wt.%时涂层的硬度提高 2.5 倍,涂层的耐磨性提高 2.8 倍,涂层的磨损形式也由氧化磨损转变为磨粒磨损。

  • (2)Ni-cBN 增强颗粒的使用可以提升涂层的耐磨性,但也会导致涂层的摩擦因数升高,这不利于涂层的耐磨,下一步的研究应在耐磨的基础上增加减磨效果,降低涂层的摩擦因数,更好地提升涂层的耐磨性能。

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